On/Off-ramping can still be tedious and expensive to most people. There are still KYCs that take days to complete to transact via a CEX and still risk losing those funds if mistakenly sent to a non-custodial wallet.

This whole process can, on average, take an hour or more even for a savvy user taking 5-10 steps to do so. It might take days for a normie or my old parent to do that and they can get confused with it. Not to mention the 1-5% fee rates and credit card fees which can be really expensive for users from the third world countries.

Some users might go for cheaper rates from exchanges but opt to bridge to Solana via a chain that is only authorized by the CEX. This subjects the user to bridging risks and extra transaction fees.

The process of creating your own crypto exchange can also take a long time, require more capital, and pose local legislation hindrance.

Negative factors to consider: - more steps to take - risk of losing funds on the way - more expensive fee structures - daunting task to create your own exchange - UI/UX for using CEX and trading - regulatory challenges - bridging risks - security risks

On/Off-ramping is crucial in onboarding more people into blockchain as serves as an entry point for most of the users.

Probable solutions and steps: - Possibly connect non-custodial crypto wallets like Phantom to directly purchase USDC or SOL from your e-wallet or local bank like just swapping via Jupiter. It should work for debit/credit cards like Decaf.so, Ottr Finance, or Ultimate App is doing, but: - massively takes SHORTER steps - requires LESS INTERACTION with centralized entities - users deposit crypto directly to their non-custodial wallets - available to more countries in the world - easier for remittances from a first-world to a third-world country

This might replace CEX merchants, or possibly attract more of them depending on how this solution is addressed.

- Solana currently has $600M+ TVL - maybe we can make a protocol that will possibly use this liquidity to market-make for this on/off-ramping problem. This will require different fiat-to-crypto systems to work and multi-national coordination with local banks and e-wallets.

This in a way makes it peer-to-peer or protocol-to-user, which I myself don't completely understand how it will work.

What are we disrupting here? - We will be disrupting on/off-ramp players with high fees - Local banks that charge a high % when using debit/credit cards for crypto purchases